Capsaicin ( (INN); 8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) is an active component of chili peppers, which are plants belonging to the genus Capsicum. It is an irritant for mammals, including humans, and produces a sensation of burning in any tissue with which it comes into contact. Capsaicin and several related compounds are calledcapsaicinoids and are produced as secondary metabolites by chili peppers, probably as deterrents against certain mammals and fungi.[2] Pure capsaicin is a volatile, hydrophobic, colorless, odorless, crystalline to waxy compound.
Main Function of Extract: Capsaicin is the main capsaicinoid in chili peppers, followed by dihydrocapsaicin. These two compounds are also about twice as potent to the taste and nerves as the minor capsaicinoids nordihydrocapsaicin, homodihydrocapsaicin, andhomocapsaicin. Dilute solutions of pure capsaicinoids produced different types of pungency; however, these differences were not noted using more concentrated solutions. Capsaicin is believed to be synthesized in the interlocular septum of chili peppers by addition of a branched-chainfatty acid to vanillylamine; specifically, capsaicin is made from vanillylamine and 8-methyl-6-nonenoyl CoA.[15][16]Biosynthesis depends on the gene AT3, which resides at the pun1 locus, and which encodes a putative acyltransferase.[17] Besides the six natural capsaicinoids, one synthetic member of the capsaicinoid family exists. Vanillylamide of n-nonanoic acid (VNA, also PAVA) is used as a reference substance for determining the relative pungency of capsaicinoids
Application of of extract: 1,used in Food industry, it is commonly used in food products to provide added spice or "heat" (piquancy);pigment 2,Used in Research, Capsaicin is used as an analgesic in topical ointments, nasal sprays (Sinol-M), and dermal patches to relieve pain, typically in concentrations between 0.025% and 0.25%. 3,Used in Pepper spray and pests, Capsaicin is also an active ingredient in riot control and personal defense pepper spray agents. 4,Used in Equestrian sports, Capsaicin is a banned substance in equestrian sports because of its hypersensitizing and pain-relieving properties. 5,Used in Mechanism of action, The burning and painful sensations associated with capsaicin result from its chemical interaction with sensory neurons. etc
